Algeria is divided into 48 wilayat (provinces; sing. The decision was in response to previous leaks of exam materials, which were posted on social media. Local authorities refused the follow on request for another event. The appeal must be filed within three days of the order. ), electrification - total population: 99.4% (2019)electrification - urban areas: 99.6% (2019)electrification - rural areas: 97% (2019), installed generating capacity: 21.694 million kW (2020 est. )other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Over the past three years, the government has enacted incremental increases in some taxes, resulting in modest increases in prices for gasoline, cigarettes, alcohol, and certain imported goods, but it has refrained from reducing subsidies, particularly for education, healthcare, and housing programs. The law permits polygamy only upon the agreement of the previous and future wife, and the determination of a judge as to the husbands financial ability to support an additional wife. Women may own businesses, enter into contracts, and pursue careers similar to those of men. The General Directorate of National Security (DGSN) stated that it received 131 complaints of violence or threats by officers and conducted 163 investigations into those threats. phonetics. Local media outlets reported that a team of European Union elections experts provided the government a report noting a lack of transparency in vote counting procedures, but the report was not made public. codes were assigned to those departments whose names had changed. Unions may recruit members at the workplace. state province algeria. The Algerian Red Crescent, which is subordinate to the Ministry of Solidarity, maintained welcome facilities that provided food and shelter for those Syrians without means to support themselves. Access to Asylum: While the law provides generally for asylum or refugee status, the government has not established a formal system through which refugees can request asylum. Press outlets report taking extra caution before publishing articles critical of the government or government officials for fear of losing revenue from ANEP. A tripartite social pact among business, government, and the official union established the national minimum wage of DZD 18,000 ($153) per month in 2012. Individuals may bring lawsuits, and administrative processes related to amnesty may provide damages to the victims or their families for human rights violations and compensation for alleged wrongs. )note: data cover central government debt as well as debt issued by subnational entities and intra-governmental debt, -$4.608 billion (2021 est. Of the daily printed publications, the ministry stated six were state-operated. Official assert that the law covers LGBTI individuals through general civil and human rights legislation. It was unclear whether authorities followed the law in all cases since local authorities had significant discretion and the government did not maintain nationwide statistics. ), urban population: 75.3% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. Labor standards do not protect economic migrants from sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere working in the country without legal immigration status, which made them vulnerable to exploitation. )arable land: 3.2% (2018 est. Alger: Algeri (Italian); Algiers (English); Algier (Danish, German); al-Jazair, al-Djazair, El Djazar (Arabic);
The government maintained two regional womens shelters and was building three additional shelters. )10.51% (2019 est. Algeria became independent in 1962. Hierarchical administrative subdivision codes, Journal Officiel de la Rpublique
There was no evidence of any pattern of discrimination toward asylum applicants, but the lack of a formal asylum system made this difficult to assess. The ILO tried to visit during the year but had to cancel the visit when the government was unable to guarantee that they would be able to meet with independent trade unions. See the Department of StatesAnnual Report on International Parental Child Abductionathttps://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/International-Parental-Child-Abduction/for-providers/legal-reports-and-data.html. 1964: Name of Orlansville department changed to El Asnam. Hydrocarbons have long been the backbone of the economy, accounting for roughly 30% of GDP, 60% of budget revenues, and nearly 95% of export earnings. provinces were predominantly formed by taking the old departments as they were, or by splitting them into two
The government provided disability benefits to persons with disabilities who registered. Corruption remained a problem, and officials sometimes engaged in corrupt practices with impunity. WebAccording to a 2018 report by the IOM, Algeria has expelled 35,600 Nigeriens to Niger since 2014more than 12,000 in 2018as well as more than 8,000 migrants from other African The ministry maintained that organizations that were refused accreditation or that did not receive a response within the specified time period could appeal to the State Council, the administrative court responsible for cases involving the government. Local human rights activists reported that prisoners feared reprisals if they reported abuse by authorities during detention or the interrogation process. The new law also eliminated gender quotas in Parliament, and the June 2021 legislative elections saw female representation plummet. Governmental Attitude Regarding International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Violations of Human Rights, Section 6. With lower oil prices since 2014, Algerias foreign exchange reserves have declined by more than half and its oil stabilization fund has decreased from about $20 billion at the end of 2013 to about $7 billion in 2017, which is the statutory minimum. The southern border has been clearly defined, but the southern
The population of the province, which has an area of 1,102 square kilometers, is 1,002,937 according to 2008 data. The subdivisions were to the
Women enjoyed rights equal to those of men concerning property ownership, and property titles listed female landowners names. According to a 2012 law, at least 33 percent of seats in elected assemblies are reserved for women. )refined petroleum consumption: 450,500 bbl/day (2019 est. Although the government did not renew the accreditation of LADDH, the organization had members countrywide, received independent funding, and was one of the most active independent human rights groups. Other organizations reported they never received any written response to their application request even after calling the ministry and trying to register at local police stations. note: data are in current year dollars$42.347 billion (2020 est.) )permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est. )imports: 531 million kWh (2019 est. 1959-11-07: Aumale and Bougie departments abolished and restored to their original departments, except that
On July 13, the Ministry of Justice removed a public prosecutor and his deputy from a court in Boudouaou for their alleged involvement in the legal proceedings following the discovery of 701 kilograms of cocaine in the port of Oran on May 29. Defendants may confront or question witnesses against them and present witnesses and evidence on their behalf. There is no single office charged with this task, but all labor inspectors are responsible for enforcing laws regarding child labor. In the 2000s, a wave of educated Algerians went abroad seeking skilled jobs in a wider range of destinations, increasing their presence in North America and Spain. )2.42% (2020 est. During the year the ICRC hosted training sessions on human rights standards related to arrest, detention, and interrogation procedures for judicial police from the DGSN and National Gendarmerie, as well as for judges. Access to Basic Services: UNHCR provided registered refugees with modest food assistance and lodging support. )119.354 (2019 est. parts of the Tunisian and Moroccan borders are still in dispute. With the exception of several daily newspapers, the majority of print media outlets relied on the government for physical printing materials and operations. made the national language. There is no official estimate of the poverty income level. On 2014-10-29, ISO 3166-2 made the same spelling change. In February the Ministry for National Solidarity, Family, and Women and UN Women launched an administrative database, named AMANE, to collect information on violence against women. If workers face such conditions, they may renegotiate their contract or, failing that, resort to the courts. Global AIDS Coordinator and Global Health Diplomacy, Special Presidential Envoy for Hostage Affairs, Special Representative for Syria Engagement, U.S. Security Coordinator for Israel and the Palestinian Authority, Office of the U.S. Rape and Domestic Violence: The law criminalizes rape but does not specifically address spousal rape. A coalition of Islamic and secular opposition parties boycotted the election, describing it as a masquerade and asserting that President Bouteflika was unfit to run due to his health. ), fossil fuels: 98.9% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Ouled-Djellal arrondissement from Aumale department merged with Barika arrondissement of Stif department to become Barika
The government acknowledged that some detention facilities were overcrowded but said it used alternatives to incarceration such as releasing prisoners with electronic bracelets, conditional release, and replacing prison terms with mandatory community service to reduce overcrowding. Also note that diacritical marks may be different, depending on the method of transliteration used. ), 151.633 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. Tighter French immigration rules and Algiers' decision to cease managing labor migration to France in the 1970s limited legal emigration largely to family reunification. The testimony of men and women has equal weight under the law. The first two digits are the same as the two-digit ISO province code. ), total dependency ratio: 58.5youth dependency ratio: 48.7elderly dependency ratio: 9.8potential support ratio: 10.2 (2021 est. The constitution provides workers with the right to join and form unions of their choice, provided they are citizens. If domestic violence results in death, a judge can prescribe a life sentence. )12.55% (2020 est. As a result, Algeria was divided into three
In most cases, the NGOs continued to hold their meetings and police came to the hotels to end the gatherings. ), 18.52 births/1,000 population (2022 est. The lower fertility rate was mainly the result of women's rising age at first marriage (virtually all Algerian children being born in wedlock) and to a lesser extent the wider use of contraceptives. In 2016 the government established an anticybercrime agency charged with coordinating anticybercrime efforts and engaging in preventive surveillance of electronic communications in the interests of national security. Since then, it has re-organized twice. The 130,000-member National Gendarmerie, which performs police functions outside of urban areas under the auspices of the Ministry of National Defense, and the approximately 218,000-member DGSN or national police, organized under the Ministry of Interior, share responsibility for maintaining law and order. The new
note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained. Tbessa arrondissement restored from Batna to Bne. Certain parts of the military territory were
The law provides for criminal penalties of two to 10 years in prison for official corruption, but the government did not fully implement the law. Penalties for unlawful work stoppages range from eight days to two months imprisonment. Furthermore, the government restricted union activities and the formation of independent unions in certain critical public services sectors, such as oil and gas and telecommunications. The governments National AIDS Committee met twice during the year. While the government tolerated their operations in the past, the Ministry of Communication said in 2016 it would limit the number of private satellite channels to 13 and foreign-based unaccredited television outlets would be shut down. II, United Nations, New
), conventional long form: People's Democratic Republic of Algeriaconventional short form: Algerialocal long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Sha'biyahlocal short form: Al Jaza'iretymology: the country name derives from the capital city of Algiers, name: Algiersgeographic coordinates: 36 45 N, 3 03 Etime difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)etymology: name derives from the Arabic "al-Jazair" meaning "the islands" and refers to the four islands formerly off the coast but joined to the mainland since 1525, 58 provinces (wilayas, singular - wilaya); Adrar, Ain Defla, Ain Temouchent, Alger, Annaba, Batna, Bechar, Bejaia, Beni Abbes, Biskra, Blida, Bordj Badji Mokhtar, Bordj Bou Arreridj, Bouira, Boumerdes, Chlef, Constantine, Djanet, Djelfa, El Bayadh, El Meghaier, El Meniaa, El Oued, El Tarf, Ghardaia, Guelma, Illizi, In Guezzam, In Salah, Jijel, Khenchela, Laghouat, Mascara, Medea, Mila, Mostaganem, M'Sila, Naama, Oran, Ouargla, Ouled Djellal, Oum el Bouaghi, Relizane, Saida, Setif, Sidi Bel Abbes, Skikda, Souk Ahras, Tamanrasset, Tebessa, Tiaret, Timimoun, Tindouf, Tipaza, Tissemsilt, Tizi Ouzou, Tlemcen, Touggourt, Independence Day, 5 July (1962); Revolution Day, 1 November (1954), history: several previous; latest approved by referendum November 2020amendments: proposed by the president of the republic or through the president with the support of three fourths of the members of both houses of Parliament in joint session; passage requires approval by both houses, approval by referendum, and promulgation by the president; the president can forego a referendum if the Constitutional Council determines the proposed amendment does not conflict with basic constitutional principles; articles including the republican form of government, the integrity and unity of the country, and fundamental citizens liberties and rights cannot be amended; amended 2002, 2008, 2016; last in 2020, mixed legal system of French civil law and Islamic law; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials including several Supreme Court justices, has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt, citizenship by birth: nocitizenship by descent only: the mother must be a citizen of Algeriadual citizenship recognized: noresidency requirement for naturalization: 7 years, chief of state: President Abdelmadjid TEBBOUNE (since 12 December 2019)head of government: Prime Minister Ayman BENABDERRAHMANE (since 7 July 2021), description: bicameral Parliament or Barlaman consists of:Council of the Nation or Majlis al-Umma (174 seats; two-thirds of members indirectly elected by simple majority vote by an electoral college composed of local assemblies within each wilaya, and one-third of members appointed by the president; members serve 6-year terms with one-half of the membership renewed every 3 years)National People's Assembly or al-Majlis al-Sha'abi al-Watani (407 seats including 8 seats for Algerian diaspora); members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by open-list proportional representation vote to serve 5-year terms); note - in March 2021, President TEBBOUNE ordered the number of Assembly seats be reduced to 407 from 462elections: Council of the Nation - last held on 5 February 2022 (next election NA)National People's Assembly - snap election held on 12 June 2021 (next to be held on 12 June 2026)election results: Council of the Nation - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FLN 54, RND 22, Future Front 7, National Construction Movement 5, FFS 4, other 6, independent 18, appointed 58; composition - NANational People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - FLN 98, MSP 65, RND 58, (Future Front) 48, Movement of National Construction 39, other 15, independent 84; composition - men 374, women 33, percent of women 8.1%; note - total Parliament percent of women 7.3%, highest court(s): Supreme Court or Le Cour Suprme, (consists of 150 judges organized into 8 chambers: Civil, Commercial and Maritime, Criminal, House of Offenses and Contraventions, House of Petitions, Land, Personal Status, and Social; Constitutional Council (consists of 12 members including the court chairman and deputy chairman); note - Algeria's judicial system does not include sharia courtsjudge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the High Council of Magistracy, an administrative body presided over by the president of the republic, and includes the republic vice-president and several members; judges appointed for life; Constitutional Council members - 4 appointed by the president of the republic, 2 each by the 2 houses of Parliament, 2 by the Supreme Court, and 2 by the Council of State; Council president and members appointed for single 6-year terms with half the membership renewed every 3 yearssubordinate courts: appellate or wilaya courts; first instance or daira tribunals, Algerian National Front or FNA [Moussa TOUATI]Algerian Popular Movement or MPA [Amara BENYOUNES]Algerian Rally or RA [Ali ZAGHDOUD]Algeria's Hope Rally or TAJ [Fatma Zohra ZEROUATI]Democratic and Social Movement or MDS [Fethi GHARES]Dignity or El Karama [Mohamed DAOUI]El-Bina (Harakat El-Binaa El-Watani) [Abdelkader BENGRINA]El-Islah [Filali GHOUINI]Ennour El Djazairi Party (Algerian Radiance Party) or PED [Badreddine BELBAZ]Front for Justice and Development or El Adala [Abdallah DJABALLAH]Future Front or El Mostakbel [Abdelaziz BELAID]Islamic Renaissance Movement or Ennahda Movement [Mohamed DOUIBI]Justice and Development Front or FJD [Abdellah DJABALLAH]Movement for National Reform or Islah [Filali GHOUINI]Movement of Society for Peace or MSP [Abderrazak MAKRI]National Construction Movement (Harakat Al-bina' Al-watanii) [Abdelkader BENGRINA]National Democratic Rally (Rassemblement National Democratique) or RND [Tayeb ZITOUNI]National Front for Social Justice or FNJS [Khaled BOUNEDJEMA]National Liberation Front or FLN [Abou El Fadhel BAADJI]National Party for Solidarity and Development or PNSD [Dalila YALAQUI]National Reform Movement or Islah [Djahid YOUNSI]National Republican Alliance or ANR [Belkacem SAHLI]New Dawn Party (El-Fajr El-Jadid) [Tahar BENBAIBECHE]New Generation (Jil Jadid) [Soufiane DJILALI]Oath of 1954 or Ahd 54 [Ali Fawzi REBAINE]Party of Justice and Liberty or PLJ [Djamel Ben ZIADI]Rally for Culture and Democracy or RCD [Mohcine BELABBAS]Socialist Forces Front or FFS [Youcef AOUCHICHE]Union for Change and Progress or UCP [Zoubida ASSOUL]Union of Democratic and Social Forces or UFDS [Noureddine BAHBOUH]Vanguard of Liberties (Talaie El Hurriyet) [Abdelkader SAADI]Workers Party or PT [Louisa HANOUNE]Youth Party or PJ [Hamana BOUCHARMA]note: a law banning political parties based on religion was enacted in March 1997, ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, BIS, CAEU, CD, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MONUSCO, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer), chief of mission: Ambassador Ahmed BOUTACHE (since 26 October 2021)chancery: 2118 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone: [1] (202) 265-2800FAX: [1] (202) 986-5906email address and website: mail@algerianembassy.orghttps://www.algerianembassy.org/consulate(s) general: New York, chief of mission: Ambassador Elizabeth Moore AUBIN (since 9 February 2022)embassy: 05 Chemin Cheikh Bachir, Ibrahimi, El-Biar 16030, Algermailing address: 6030 Algiers Place, Washington DC 20521-6030telephone: [213] (0) 770-08-2000FAX: [213] (0) 770-08-2299email address and website: ACSAlgiers@state.govhttps://dz.usembassy.gov/, two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white; a red, five-pointed star within a red crescent centered over the two-color boundary; the colors represent Islam (green), purity and peace (white), and liberty (red); the crescent and star are also Islamic symbols, but the crescent is more closed than those of other Muslim countries because Algerians believe the long crescent horns bring happiness, five-pointed star between the extended horns of a crescent moon, fennec fox; national colors: green, white, red, name: "Kassaman" (We Pledge)lyrics/music: Mufdi ZAKARIAH/Mohamed FAWZInote: adopted 1962; ZAKARIAH wrote "Kassaman" as a poem while imprisoned in Algiers by French colonial forces, total World Heritage Sites: 7 (6 cultural, 1 mixed)selected World Heritage Site locales: Beni Hammad Fort (c); Djmila (c); Casbah of Algiers (c); M'zab Valley (c); Tassili n'Ajjer (m); Timgad (c); Tipasa (c). ), improved: urban: 99.6% of populationrural: 98.8% of populationtotal: 99.4% of populationunimproved: urban: 0.4% of populationrural: 1.2% of populationtotal: 0.6% of population (2020 est. Few government buildings were accessible to persons with disabilities. Throughout the year police dispersed unauthorized gatherings or prevented marching groups of protesters from demonstrating. Foreign observers characterized the elections as largely peaceful but pointed to low voter turnout and a high rate of ballot invalidity. Authorities utilized the ban to prohibit assembly within the city limits. Constantine, and Oran, after their capitals. The law prohibits workers under age 19 from working at night. Most detainees had prompt access to a lawyer of their choice as accorded by law, and the government provided legal counsel to indigent detainees. 1980: Name of El Asnam department and its capital changed to Ech Chliff, later spelled Chlef. The law prohibits all forms of forced or compulsory labor. The law requires that a minimum level of essential public services must be maintained during public-sector service strikes, and the government has broad legal authority to requisition public employees. The Ministry of National Solidarity, Family, and Women said 60 percent of the recipients of government microcredit loans for small businesses were women. ), total: 28.9 yearsmale: 28.6 yearsfemale: 29.3 years (2020 est. Judges found to have ordered an unlawful detention could be subject to penalties or prosecution. Religious Beliefs In AlgeriaSunni Islam. Sunni Islam in Algeria constitutes the majority of the population. Judaism. Judaism in Algeria dates back to the 14th Century when Jews migrated in large numbers into Algeria after being persecuted and driven from Spain.Protestant Christianity. Shia Islam. Religious Freedom and Tolerance in Algeria. Section II. Presidential term limits, which were eliminated in 2008, were reintroduced in the 2016 revision of the constitution and limit the president to two five-year terms. Many trade unions remained unrecognized by the government; they identified delayed processing and administrative hurdles imposed by the government as the primary obstacles to establishing legal status. Religious and civil society leaders reported that the Jewish community faced unofficial, religion-based obstacles to government employment and administrative difficulties when working with government bureaucracy. ), $5.574 billion (2019 est. Thousands of Algerian peasants - mainly Berber men from the Kabylia region - faced with land dispossession and economic hardship under French rule migrated temporarily to France to work in manufacturing and mining during the first half of the 20th century. NGOs reported that the government threatened hotel and restaurant owners with penalties if they rented rooms to NGOs without official authorization. The Ministry of National Solidarity, Family, and Women reported that it ran 238 centers throughout the country that provided support for persons with intellectual, auditory, vision, and physical disabilitiesdown from 242 the previous year. In a divorce, the law provides for the wife to retain the familys home until the children reach age 18. The Ministry authorized the import of only 350 copies ofJeune Afriquefor delivery to various institutions. [4] The American Oxford Atlas. Local elections took place in November 2021. name is usually the same as the name of its capital, the easiest way to track the changes is to consider them as city
He was charged with sharing intelligence with a foreign power.. )-$16.954 billion (2019 est.). Police may make arrests without a warrant if they witness the offense. Arabic: al-Jumhuriya al-Jazairiya ad-Dimuqratiya ash-Shabiya (formal), Dutch: Algerije, Democratische Volksrepubliek Algerije (formal), English: Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria (formal), Norwegian: Den demokratiske folkerepublikk Algerie (formal) (Bokml), Den demokratiske folkerepublikken Algerie (formal) (Nynorsk), Algerie, Russian: , (formal), Turkish: Cezayir Demokratik Halk Cumhuriyeti (formal), Bchar: after Wadi Bashshar, possibly from Arabic, Bjaa: ethnic name, possibly from Arabic, Constantine: rebuilt in 311 by Roman emperor Constantine the Great, El Oued: = the Wadi (intermittent stream), Stif: ancient Sitifi, possibly from Berber. ISO followed suit on 2007-11-28 with ISO 3166-2 Newsletter Number I-9. A person released from custody following a dismissal or acquittal may apply to a civil commission to seek compensation from the government for particular and particularly severe harm caused by pretrial detention. Freedom of Expression: While public debate and criticism of the government were widespread, journalists and activists believed they were limited in their ability to criticize the government publicly on topics crossing unwritten red lines. Authorities arrested and detained citizens for expressing views deemed damaging to state officials and institutions, and citizens practiced self-restraint in expressing public criticism. List of Algerian provinces by population This article has been translated from the The DGAPR separates vulnerable persons but provides no consideration for sexual orientation. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, 2018 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices. In July 2017 authorities freed Kamel Eddine Fekhar, a human rights activist. 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